Glossary of financial, trading, and API terms for builders and analysts

Alternative Coin. Any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin. Examples include Ethereum, Litecoin, and Ripple.

A unique identifier used to authenticate a user, developer, or calling program to an API.

Auto Rejection Atas. The upper limit of stock price increase allowed in a single trading day on the IDX.

Auto Rejection Bawah. The lower limit of stock price decrease allowed in a single trading day on the IDX.

The simultaneous purchase and sale of the same asset in different markets to profit from tiny differences in the asset's listed price.

The lowest price a seller is willing to accept for a stock.

Average True Range. A technical analysis indicator that measures market volatility by decomposing the entire range of an asset price for that period.

Assets Under Management. The total market value of the investments that a person or entity manages on behalf of clients.

The process of testing a trading strategy on relevant historical data to ensure its viability before risking any actual capital.

The first currency listed in a forex pair that acts as the reference currency.

A market condition where prices are falling or are expected to fall.

The highest price a buyer is willing to pay for a stock.

A distributed database that is shared among the nodes of a computer network. As a database, a blockchain stores information electronically in digital format.

A nationally recognized, well-established, and financially sound company. Blue chips generally sell high-quality, widely accepted products and services.

A technical analysis tool defined by a set of trendlines plotted two standard deviations (positively and negatively) away from a simple moving average (SMA) of a security's price.

A market condition where prices are rising or are expected to rise.

A type of price chart used in technical analysis that displays the high, low, open, and closing prices of a security for a specific period.

Decentralized Finance. An emerging financial technology based on secure distributed ledgers similar to those used by cryptocurrencies.

The distribution of some of a company's earnings to a class of its shareholders, as determined by the company's board of directors.

Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). A stock market index that measures the stock performance of 30 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States.

Exponential Moving Average. A type of moving average that places a greater weight and significance on the most recent data points.

A company whose securities (stocks, bonds) are listed on the stock exchange and traded by the public.

A specific URL where an API can be accessed by a client application to perform a specific function or retrieve data.

Earnings Per Share. The portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. A key indicator of profitability.

Exchange-Traded Fund. A type of pooled investment security that operates much like a mutual fund but trades on stock exchanges.

An annual fee charged by a fund to its shareholders to cover the fund's administrative and operating expenses.

A fee that users pay to miners on a blockchain protocol to have their transaction included in a block.

A slang term in the crypto community for holding the cryptocurrency rather than selling it. Originated from a typo of 'hold'.

Indonesia Stock Exchange (Bursa Efek Indonesia). The stock exchange based in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (Jakarta Composite Index). An index of all stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).

A type of mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF) with a portfolio constructed to match or track the components of a financial market index.

Initial Public Offering. The process of offering shares of a private corporation to the public in a new stock issuance.

JavaScript Object Notation. A lightweight data-interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate.

The time delay between a request being sent and the response being received. Low latency is crucial for real-time trading.

The use of borrowed funds to increase one's trading position beyond what would be available from their cash balance alone.

The efficiency or ease with which an asset or security can be converted into ready cash without affecting its market price.

The standard trading unit for stocks in Indonesia. 1 Lot equals 100 shares.

A standard unit of measurement for forex trades. A standard lot is 100,000 units of the base currency.

A stock market index for the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) that consists of 45 companies that meet specific criteria such as high liquidity and large market capitalization.

Moving Average Convergence Divergence. A trend-following momentum indicator that shows the relationship between two moving averages of a security's price.

The four most heavily traded currency pairs in the forex market: EUR/USD, USD/JPY, GBP/USD, and USD/CHF.

Market Capitalization. The total value of a company's shares of stock. Calculated by multiplying the price of a stock by its total number of outstanding shares.

A hypothetical portfolio of investment holdings that represents a segment of the financial market.

The process of validating cryptocurrency transactions and adding them to the blockchain ledger. Miners are rewarded with cryptocurrency for their computational work.

Net Asset Value. The total value of an entity's assets minus the total value of its liabilities.

Open Authorization. An open standard for access delegation, commonly used as a way for Internet users to grant websites or applications access to their information on other websites but without giving them the passwords.

Stands for Open, High, Low, Close. It represents the four major price points of a financial instrument for a specific time period, commonly used to construct candlestick charts.

An electronic list of buy and sell orders for a specific security or financial instrument organized by price level.

Price-to-Earnings Ratio. The ratio for valuing a company that measures its current share price relative to its per-share earnings.

Percentage in Point. The smallest price move that a given exchange rate can make based on market convention.

The second currency listed in a forex pair that represents the value of the base currency.

A restriction on the number of API requests a user can make within a specific time period.

The process of realigning the weightings of a portfolio of assets. Rebalancing involves periodically buying or selling assets in a portfolio to maintain an original or desired level of asset allocation.

Representational State Transfer. A software architectural style that defines a set of constraints to be used for creating Web services.

An invitation to existing shareholders to purchase additional new shares in the company, usually at a discount to the market price.

Relative Strength Index. A momentum oscillator that measures the speed and change of price movements, ranging from 0 to 100. Typically, above 70 is overbought and below 30 is oversold.

Standard & Poor's 500. A stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States.

A testing environment that isolates untested code changes and outright experimentation from the production environment or repository.

Software Development Kit. A collection of software development tools in one installable package.

An investment or trading strategy that speculates on the decline in a stock or other security's price.

Simple Moving Average. An arithmetic moving average calculated by adding recent prices and then dividing that figure by the number of time periods in the calculation average.

A self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code.

The difference between the bid and ask price of a security or asset.

The difference between the bid price and the ask price of a currency pair.

A cryptocurrency designed to have a relatively stable price, typically through being pegged to a commodity or currency or having its supply regulated by an algorithm.

A momentum indicator comparing a particular closing price of a security to a range of its prices over a certain period of time.

A corporate action in which a company divides its existing shares into multiple shares to boost the liquidity of the shares.

A financial instrument issued by a brokerage firm that gives the holder the right to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specific price.

A statistical measure of the dispersion of returns for a given security or market index. High volatility means large price swings.

The number of shares or contracts traded in a security or an entire market during a given period of time.

Volume-Weighted Average Price. A trading benchmark used by traders that gives the average price a security has traded at throughout the day, based on both volume and price.

A method of augmenting or altering the behavior of a web page or web application with custom callbacks.

A computer communications protocol, providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection. Essential for real-time data streaming.

The method used to determine the percentage of an index that a specific stock represents. Common methods include price-weighting and market-cap weighting.